Question

Semiconductor devices have the following advantages over vacuum tubes :
• [A.] Bigger size
• [B.] More efficient
• [C.] Higher operating voltages
• [D.] No warm-up period
• [E.] More rugged Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, B, C only
• B. B, D, E only
• C. B, C, D only
• D. A, D, E only

Hint:

Advantages of semiconductor devices over vacuum tubes:
• Smaller size
• Lower power consumption
• No filament heating
• Faster operation
• Higher reliability
• More rugged construction

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Semiconductor devices replaced vacuum tubes because they offer many practical and technological advantages. Examples of semiconductor devices:
• Diodes
• Transistors
• Integrated Circuits Compared to vacuum tubes, semiconductors are:
• Smaller
• Faster
• More reliable
• More energy efficient

Step 1: Analyze statement A. Statement A says: \[ \text{Bigger size} \] This is incorrect because:
• Semiconductor devices are extremely compact.
• Vacuum tubes are bulky and large. Therefore: \[ A \text{ is incorrect} \]

Step 2: Analyze statement B. Statement B says: \[ \text{More efficient} \] This is correct because:
• Semiconductor devices consume less power.
• They generate less heat.
• Their conversion efficiency is higher. Thus: \[ B \text{ is correct} \]

Step 3: Analyze statement C. Statement C says: \[ \text{Higher operating voltages} \] This is incorrect because:
• Vacuum tubes generally operate at much higher voltages.
• Semiconductor devices usually require lower operating voltages. Hence: \[ C \text{ is incorrect} \]

Step 4: Analyze statement D. Statement D says: \[ \text{No warm-up period} \] This is correct because:
• Vacuum tubes require filament heating.
• Semiconductor devices start operation immediately. Therefore: \[ D \text{ is correct} \]

Step 5: Analyze statement E. Statement E says: \[ \text{More rugged} \] This is also correct because:
• Semiconductor devices are mechanically stronger.
• They are less fragile than vacuum tubes.
• They can tolerate vibration and shock better. Thus: \[ E \text{ is correct} \]

Step 6: Write the final combination. Correct statements are: \[ B,\ D,\ E \] Thus the correct option is: \[ \boxed{(B)} \]

Step 7: Final conclusion. Hence: \[ \boxed{\text{Semiconductor devices are more efficient, require no warm-up period, and are more rugged.}} \]