Question

Select the correct matched ones:
(a) The decrease in diameter of stem of a tree from the base to upward - Taper
(b) A situation where a stem has more than one leader from the base to upward - Forking
(c) Is the principal axis of plant on which bud and shoot develops - Stem
(d) Outgrowth from the base of the tree connecting it with the root - Buttressing
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
• B. (b), (c) and (d)
• C. (a), (c) and (d)
• D. (a), (b) and (c)

Hint:

Recognizing these morphological terms is useful for silviculture and wood technology studies.
They help in assessing wood quality and tree stability in forest management.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question tests core definitions of tree stem characteristics, growth abnormalities, and morphological adaptations used in silviculture and forest mensuration.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each definition:
(a) Taper:
In forest mensuration, "Taper" refers to the gradual decrease in the diameter of a tree stem or log from the base to the top.
It is an important factor in determining timber volume.
Thus, (a) is correct.
(b) Forking:
"Forking" describes a growth habit where a single tree trunk splits into two or more main stems or leaders.
This can occur naturally or due to damage to the terminal bud.
Thus, (b) is correct.
(c) Stem:
Physiologically, the stem is the primary axis of a vascular plant.
It supports leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits, and serves as a pathway for water and nutrient transport.
Thus, (c) is correct.
(d) Buttressing:
"Buttresses" are large, wide, woody outgrowths at the base of a tree trunk.
They connect the stem to the roots, providing structural support and stability, particularly for large tropical trees growing in shallow soils.
Thus, (d) is correct.

Step 3: Final Answer:
All four definitions are accurate and correctly matched.
This corresponds to Option (A).