Question

Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 entails the principle of:

• A. Strict liability
• B. Vicarious liability
• C. Joint liability
• D. Absolute liability

Hint:

Section 34 IPC is based on common intention and creates joint liability.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: Section 34 IPC deals with acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention.

Step 1: Understand Section 34 IPC.
Section 34 applies when a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of a common intention. \[ \text{Common intention} + \text{Participation} \Rightarrow \text{Section 34 IPC} \]

Step 2: Understand joint liability.
When Section 34 applies, each participant is liable as if the entire act was done by him alone. \[ \text{Section 34} \Rightarrow \text{Joint liability} \]

Step 3: Reject other options.
Strict liability and absolute liability are mainly tort law concepts. Vicarious liability means liability for the act of another, but Section 34 is specifically based on joint liability through common intention. Therefore, the correct answer is Joint liability.