Question:
Relative permeability of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are denoted by \(\mu_r^{DM}, \mu_r^{PM}\) and \(\mu_r^{FM}\) respectively. Then:
Relative permeability of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are denoted by \(\mu_r^{DM}, \mu_r^{PM}\) and \(\mu_r^{FM}\) respectively. Then:
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Diamagnetic: \(\mu_r < 1\), paramagnetic: \(\mu_r > 1\), ferromagnetic: \(\mu_r \gg 1\). Think in terms of alignment of atomic magnetic moments with the applied field.
Updated On: Jun 19, 2026
- \(\mu_r^{DM} 1, \mu_r^{FM} \gg 1\)
- \(\mu_r^{DM} < 1, \mu_r^{PM} < 1, \mu_r^{FM} \gg 1\)
- \(\mu_r^{DM} > 1, \mu_r^{PM} > 1, \mu_r^{FM} \gg 1\)
- \(\mu_r^{DM} > 1, \mu_r^{PM} < 1, \mu_r^{FM} \ll 1\)
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Diamagnetic materials.
Diamagnetic materials produce an induced magnetic field opposite to the applied field. This reduces the net field inside, so \(\mu_r^{DM} < 1\).
Step 2: Paramagnetic materials.
Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons that align with the applied field, enhancing it slightly. Therefore, \(\mu_r^{PM} > 1\) but close to 1.
Step 3: Ferromagnetic materials.
Ferromagnetic materials have strong alignment of magnetic domains with applied field, producing a very large increase in magnetic field: \(\mu_r^{FM} \gg 1\).
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct ordering is: \(\mu_r^{DM} < 1 < \mu_r^{PM} \ll \mu_r^{FM}\).
Diamagnetic materials produce an induced magnetic field opposite to the applied field. This reduces the net field inside, so \(\mu_r^{DM} < 1\).
Step 2: Paramagnetic materials.
Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons that align with the applied field, enhancing it slightly. Therefore, \(\mu_r^{PM} > 1\) but close to 1.
Step 3: Ferromagnetic materials.
Ferromagnetic materials have strong alignment of magnetic domains with applied field, producing a very large increase in magnetic field: \(\mu_r^{FM} \gg 1\).
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct ordering is: \(\mu_r^{DM} < 1 < \mu_r^{PM} \ll \mu_r^{FM}\).
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