Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follows. “In democratic societies, dissent is often viewed as a sign of institutional weakness. However, political theorists argue that the ability of citizens to openly criticize policies and institutions is not merely compatible with democracy but essential to its survival. A society that suppresses criticism may achieve temporary stability, but such stability often masks deeper structural problems that remain unresolved.” Which of the following assumptions is most strongly supported by the passage?

• A. All criticism of government policies is justified.
• B. Democratic institutions function best when criticism is prohibited.
• C. Open criticism can help identify and address underlying societal problems.
• D. Political stability is more important than democratic participation.

Hint:

In difficult inference questions, avoid options containing words such as all, always, never, and only. Such options are frequently designed as distractors.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: This is a higher-order inference and critical reasoning question. Unlike direct factual questions, assumption-based questions require identifying an idea that must logically be true if the author's argument is accepted. The correct answer is usually not explicitly stated. Instead, it is implied by the reasoning of the passage.

Step 1: Identify the central argument of the passage. The passage presents two contrasting viewpoints. The first viewpoint is: \[ \text{Dissent indicates institutional weakness} \] The author then challenges this view and argues that: \[ \text{Open criticism is essential for democracy} \] This means the author supports dissent rather than viewing it negatively.

Step 2: Analyze the final sentence carefully. The passage states: “A society that suppresses criticism may achieve temporary stability, but such stability often masks deeper structural problems.” This statement is extremely important. The author is suggesting that criticism performs an important social function. Without criticism: \[ \text{Problems remain hidden} \] and therefore: \[ \text{Problems remain unresolved} \]

Step 3: Evaluate Option (A). \[ \text{All criticism is justified} \] The passage never makes such an absolute claim. Some criticism may be unreasonable. The author only argues that criticism should be allowed. Hence option (A) is incorrect.

Step 4: Evaluate Option (B). This directly contradicts the author's position. The passage argues that criticism strengthens democracy. Hence option (B) is incorrect.

Step 5: Evaluate Option (C). If criticism reveals hidden problems, then criticism helps society identify issues that need attention. This is precisely what the passage implies. Thus option (C) is strongly supported.

Step 6: Evaluate Option (D). The author explicitly warns against stability achieved through suppression. Therefore option (D) is contrary to the passage.

Step 7: Final conclusion. The passage supports the idea that criticism helps expose and address deeper societal problems. Therefore: \[ \boxed{\text{Option (C)}} \] is the best answer.