Question

Parliament may by law
A. Extend the jurisdiction of a High Court
B. establish a common High Court for two or more States
C. constitute a High Court for a Union Territory
D. establish administrative tribunal for each State
E. appoint judges of the High Courts
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

• A. Only A, B, C and D
• B. Only B, C, D and E
• C. Only A, B, D and E
• D. Only A, C, D and E

Hint:

Always distinguish between "legislative" powers (making laws/structure) and "executive" powers (appointments).
Parliament makes the "box" (jurisdiction/structure), and the President puts the "person" (judge) in the box.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Constitution distributes powers between the legislature and the executive regarding the judiciary. Certain structural changes require an Act of Parliament ("by law").
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's evaluate each statement under the phrase "Parliament may by law":
- A is Correct: Article 230 allows Parliament to extend or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court to any Union Territory.
- B is Correct: Article 231 empowers Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States.
- C is Correct: Article 241 allows Parliament to constitute a High Court for a Union Territory.
- D is Correct: Article 323A empowers Parliament to provide for the establishment of administrative tribunals by law.
- E is Incorrect: Judges of the High Courts are appointed by the President (Article 217), not "by law" by the Parliament. Appointment is an executive function, not a legislative one.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Statements A, B, C, and D describe powers exercised by Parliament through law-making. E is an executive power of the President.