Yes, the Navratna Policy has contributed significantly to improving the performance of PSUs:
- Operational Autonomy: Under the Navratna Policy, select PSUs were granted greater autonomy in financial and operational decisions, allowing them to compete in the global market.
- Increased Competitiveness: PSUs like BHEL, ONGC, and NTPC have become competitive and efficient, contributing to India’s industrial development.
- Performance-based Accountability: The policy introduced performance benchmarks, leading to better efficiency and accountability in PSUs. Thus, the Navratna Policy has played a vital role in enhancing the performance of India's leading PSUs.
Read the following statements carefully:
Statement 1: Expost savings and Expost investments are equal at all levels of income.
Statement 2: Under the effective demand principle, the equilibrium output is equal to exante Aggregate Demand (AD). In the light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:
The level of income where Average Propensity to Save (APS) becomes zero is at Income = Rs. 100 crore, since savings (\( S = Y - C \)) equals zero at this point.
Identify, what does the shaded area (change in EFG), in the given figure indicate?

I. Consumption > Income
II. Saving = Zero (0)
III. Consumption < Income
IV. Saving < Zero (0)