Question

Most commonly used technique(s) for development of transgenic animals are:
A. Microprojectile
B. Retrovirus- mediated gene transfer
C. D- pronuclear microinjection
D. Electroporation

• A. B and C Only
• B. A and C Only
• C. A and D Only
• D. B and D Only

Hint:

Transgenic Animal Methods = D Pronuclear Microinjection + Retroviral Vectors + ES Cell Mediated Gene Transfer.
Gene Gun (Microprojectile) = Primarily for Transgenic Plants!

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the principal gene transfer techniques standardly employed to create transgenic animal models.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Transgenic animals are generated by introducing foreign recombint D into germline cells or early embryos. The primary methods used in animal biotechnology are pronuclear microinjection, viral vectors (retroviruses), and embryonic stem (ES) cell manipulation.

Step 3: Detailed Explation:

• A. Microprojectile (Gene Gun): Uses heavy metal microparticles coated with D fired into target cells; predomintly used in plant tissue transformation, rarely in animals. Thus, A is excluded.

• B. Retrovirus-mediated Gene Transfer: Recombint retroviruses infecting early-stage mammalian embryos efficiently integrate foreign D into the host genome, making it a major animal transgenic technique. Thus, B is correct.

• C. D Pronuclear Microinjection: Direct glass-micropipette injection of transgene D into the male pronucleus of a fertilized egg (zygote) before nuclear fusion. It remains the gold standard method for producing transgenic mice and livestock. Thus, C is correct.

• D. Electroporation: Primarily used to introduce D into cultured cell suspensions rather than whole embryos for transgenesis. Thus, D is excluded.

Step 4: Fil Answer:
Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and pronuclear microinjection (B and C) are the standard techniques for generating transgenic animals.