Concept:
Modern educational psychology emphasizes active learning, where students learn through participation, exploration, and experience rather than passive listening.
Step 1: Understand Activity-Based Learning.
Activity-based learning involves students directly in learning tasks such as:
• Experiments.
• Projects.
• Group work.
• Role plays.
• Practical activities.
• Problem-solving exercises.
Step 2: Why participation is maximum.
In activity-based learning:
• Students become active participants.
• Learning occurs through experience.
• Interaction among learners increases.
• Motivation and engagement improve.
• Retention becomes stronger.
Step 3: Analyze other methods.
Lecture method is mainly teacher-centered.
Deductive method focuses on applying given rules.
Historical method emphasizes narration of events.
These methods generally involve less student participation compared to activity-based learning.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Maximum student participation is achieved through activity-based learning.
Hence, option (D) is correct.