Question

Match types of niche in Column I with its explanation in Column II. {|l|c|l|c|} \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I (Type of niche)} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Column II (Explanation)}
i. & Habitat & a. & absence of all competitors
ii. & Hypervolume & b. & physical space occupied by the organism
iii. & Fundamental & c. & presence of competition for resources
iv. & Realized & d. & considers biotic and abiotic environmental factors

• A. i - b ii - d iii - c iv - a
• B. i - b ii - d iii - a iv - c
• C. i - d ii - b iii - a iv - c
• D. i - d ii - b iii - c iv - a

Hint:

- Fundamental = ideal (no competition) - Realized = actual (with competition) - Hypervolume = Hutchinson concept

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
Types of ecological niches:
• Habitat: physical place where organism lives
• Hypervolume niche: multi-dimensional niche including biotic and abiotic factors
• Fundamental niche: ideal niche without competition
• Realized niche: actual niche under competition

Step 1: Match each

• i (Habitat) $\rightarrow$ b (physical space)
• ii (Hypervolume) $\rightarrow$ d (biotic + abiotic factors)
• iii (Fundamental) $\rightarrow$ a (absence of competition)
• iv (Realized) $\rightarrow$ c (presence of competition)

Step 2: Final mapping
\[ i-b,\quad ii-d,\quad iii-a,\quad iv-c \]