Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I (Theorist) & LIST-II (Theory)
A. Durkheim & I. Control Theory of Crime
B. Sutherland & II. Theory of Differential Association
C. Shaw and Mckay & III. Economic Theory of Crime
D. Bonger & IV. Cultural Transmission Theory
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
• B. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• C. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• D. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Hint:

Associate Sutherland with 'Learning' (Differential Association) and Shaw/McKay with 'Location/Environment' (Cultural Transmission).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:

• Sociological theories of crime explain criminal behavior as a product of social structures, learning processes, and economic conditions.
• These theories shifted the focus of criminology from the individual's biology to the individual's environment.

Step 1: Match Sutherland
Edwin Sutherland is famous for the Theory of Differential Association, which posits that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others, especially in intimate personal groups. Thus, B matches with II.

Step 2: Match Bonger
Willem Bonger was a Marxist criminologist who developed the Economic Theory of Crime. He argued that capitalism breeds 'egoism' and greed, which leads to crime among both the poor and the rich. Thus, D matches with III.

Step 3: Match Shaw and McKay
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, from the Chicago School, developed the Social Disorganization Theory and Cultural Transmission Theory. They found that certain neighborhoods maintain high crime rates over decades because criminal values are transmitted across generations. Thus, C matches with IV.

Step 4: Match Durkheim
Emile Durkheim is a founding father of sociology. While he is best known for 'Anomie', his work on the 'collective conscience' and the functional role of crime in society forms the basis for Social Control Theories. Thus, A matches with I.

Step 5: Final Matching Result
The correct matches are A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III. This corresponds to option (B).