Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
• B. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
• C. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
• D. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III

Hint:

William James is strongly associated with the concept of the "stream of consciousness" (III).
Hugo Munsterberg is recognized as the father of Industrial Psychology (I).
Linking these two terms makes solving this historical match straightforward.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This historical matching question asks us to pair early pioneers of American psychology (List I) with their key publications, laboratory achievements, or conceptual metaphors (List II).

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Utilize knowledge of the history of psychology to link each theorist with their defining contribution.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

• Let us match each historical figure:

• A. William James: The founding father of American functionalism, who coined the phrase "stream of consciousness" to describe the fluid, continuous flow of conscious thoughts. Thus, A matches III.

• B. Hugo Munsterberg: A pioneer of applied psychology, who published the seminal work "Psychology and Industrial Efficiency" (1913). Thus, B matches I.

• C. G. Stanley Hall: Established the first formal American psychological laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in 1883. Thus, C matches IV.

• D. John Dewey: A leading functionalist philosopher and psychologist, who published "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896), criticizing the structural division of behavior into isolated reflexes. Thus, D matches II.

• Putting these together gives: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The matching sequence corresponds to Option (C).