Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I	LIST-II
A. \(\alpha\)-rays (Alpha) B. \(\beta\)-rays (Beta) C. \(\gamma\)-rays (Gamma) D. Half-Life	I. Negative charged particles II. Helium nuclei III. High penetrating power IV. Time required for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
• B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• D. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

Hint:

Remember:
• \(\alpha\)-rays = helium nuclei
• \(\beta\)-rays = electrons
• \(\gamma\)-rays = electromagnetic radiation
• Gamma rays possess maximum penetrating power

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Radioactive radiations are emitted from unstable nuclei during radioactive decay. The three major radioactive radiations are:
• Alpha rays (\(\alpha\)-rays)
• Beta rays (\(\beta\)-rays)
• Gamma rays (\(\gamma\)-rays) Each radiation has distinct:
• Charge
• Mass
• Penetrating power
• Nature

Step 1: Match Alpha rays. Alpha particles are actually helium nuclei. They contain: \[ 2 \text{ protons } + 2 \text{ neutrons} \] Thus alpha particles are represented as: \[ {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He}^{2+} \] Hence: \[ \boxed{ \alpha\text{-rays} \rightarrow \text{Helium nuclei} } \] Therefore: \[ A \rightarrow II \]

Step 2: Match Beta rays. Beta rays are streams of fast-moving electrons. Electrons carry: \[ \boxed{\text{Negative charge}} \] Therefore: \[ \boxed{ \beta\text{-rays} \rightarrow \text{Negative charged particles} } \] Thus: \[ B \rightarrow I \]

Step 3: Match Gamma rays. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations. Important properties:
• No mass
• No charge
• Extremely high penetrating power Hence: \[ \boxed{ \gamma\text{-rays} \rightarrow \text{High penetrating power} } \] Therefore: \[ C \rightarrow III \]

Step 4: Match Half-Life. Half-life is defined as: “The time required for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay.” Mathematically: :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} after one half-life period. Thus: \[ \boxed{ \text{Half-life} \rightarrow \text{Time required for half of radioactive nuclei to decay} } \] Therefore: \[ D \rightarrow IV \]

Step 5: Write the final matching. Thus: \[ \boxed{ A-II,\ B-I,\ C-III,\ D-IV } \]

Step 6: Match with the options. The correct option is: \[ \boxed{(2)} \] Additional Understanding: Comparison of radioactive radiations: {|c|c|c|c|} Radiation & Charge & Mass & Penetrating Power
Alpha & Positive & Heavy & Low
Beta & Negative & Very small & Moderate
Gamma & Neutral & Zero & Very high
Final Conclusion: Correct matching is: \[ \boxed{ A-II,\ B-I,\ C-III,\ D-IV } \] Hence, the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{(2)} \]