Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Name of Scientist) & List-II (Discovered)
(A) James Wilson & (I) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
(B) Winogradsky & (II) Host plant resistance
(C) R.H. Painter & (III) Hybrid wheat
(D) S.S. Bains & (IV) Relay cropping

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

Winogradsky is famous for developing the 'Winogradsky Column'—a simple device used to culture a diverse range of soil and aquatic microorganisms in the laboratory.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Tracing historical discoveries and the scientists who pioneered key concepts is essential for understanding the development of agricultural, biological, and soil sciences.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each scientist with their respective discovery or contribution:
- (A) James Wilson: He was a pioneer who made significant early contributions to the development of Hybrid wheat and wheat breeding methodology. Thus, (A) matches with (III).
- (B) Sergei Winogradsky: He is widely regarded as the founder of soil microbiology. He discovered chemosynthesis and isolated key Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (such as *Clostridium pasteurianum*) and nitrifying bacteria, which clarified the nitrogen cycle. Thus, (B) matches with (I).
- (C) R.H. Painter: He was a pioneer in agricultural entomology who established the principles of Host plant resistance against insect pests. His classic 1951 book, "Insect Resistance in Crop Plants," is a cornerstone of the field. Thus, (C) matches with (II).
- (D) S.S. Bains: He was an eminent Indian agronomist who pioneered the concept of Relay cropping at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, optimizing cropping intensity. Thus, (D) matches with (IV).
Combining these matches gives: (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV).

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence corresponds to option (C).