Question

Match List I with List II :

List - I		List – II
A.	Migratory flamingoes and resident fish in South American lakes	i.	Interference competition
B.	Abingdon tortoise became extinct after introduction of goats in their habitat	ii.	Competitive release
C.	Chathamalus expands its distributional range in the absence of Balanus	iii.	Resource Partitioning
D.	Five closely related species of Warblers feeding in different locations on same tree	iv.	Interspecific competition

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
• B. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
• C. А-III, В-1, C-II, D-IV
• D. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To solve the given problem, we need to match the statements in List-I with the corresponding ecological concepts in List-II. Let’s go through each option and match it correctly.

1. A. Migratory flamingoes and resident fish in South American lakes - This scenario involves different species that coexist in the same environment but utilize different resources, avoiding direct competition. This describes interference competition where species interfere with each other's access to resources rather than exploit shared resources directly.
   Matches with: iv. Interspecific competition.
2. B. Abingdon tortoise became extinct after introduction of goats in their habitat - The introduction of goats led to the extinction of the Abingdon tortoise due to competition for resources. This matches with the concept of interference competition, where one species directly impacts another, hampering its survival.
   Matches with: i. Interference competition.
3. C. Chathamalus expands its distributional range in the absence of Balanus - This refers to a situation known as competitive release, where one species expands its niche when a competing species is removed.
   Matches with: ii. Competitive release.
4. D. Five closely related species of Warblers feeding in different locations on the same tree - This represents resource partitioning, where species with similar needs use different parts of the same resource (i.e., different tree parts) to coexist without direct competition.
   Matches with: iii. Resource Partitioning.

After reviewing the options, the correct match is:
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

Let's justify the correct option:

• Option A-IV: Migratory flamingoes and resident fish interact through interspecific competition as they occupy the same habitat and potentially compete for resources like food.
• Option B-I: The Abingdon tortoise's extinction due to goats in its habitat corresponds to interference competition since goats physically impacted the tortoise's ability to survive by altering their environment.
• Option C-II: The expansion of Chathamalus's range when Balanus is absent is typical of competitive release, where removal of competition allows a species to expand its range.
• Option D-III: The warblers feeding at different tree locations is an example of resource partitioning, a strategy to reduce direct competition.