Question

Match List - I with List - II. List - I (Force)
• [A.] Inbreeding
• [B.] Genetic Drift
• [C.] Natural Selection
• [D.] Gene flow List - II (Character)
• [I.] Relative fitness
• [II.] Admixture
• [III.] Random selection
• [IV.] Identity by descent
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
• B. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• C. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
• D. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Hint:

Inbreeding increases identity by descent, genetic drift involves random changes, natural selection acts through relative fitness, and gene flow causes admixture.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Population genetics studies the evolutionary forces that alter gene frequencies in populations. The major evolutionary forces include:
• Inbreeding,
• Genetic drift,
• Natural selection,
• Gene flow. Each evolutionary force has a characteristic effect on the genetic structure of populations.

Step 1: Matching Inbreeding. Inbreeding refers to mating between genetically related individuals. Its major consequence is: \[ Identity by descent \] This means:
• Individuals inherit identical alleles from common ancestors,
• Homozygosity increases,
• Genetic similarity becomes higher. Therefore: \[ A \rightarrow IV \]

Step 2: Matching Genetic Drift. Genetic drift refers to: \[ \text{Random changes in allele frequency} \] It occurs mainly due to:
• Chance events,
• Sampling effects,
• Small population size. Thus, it is associated with: \[ Random selection \] Hence: \[ B \rightarrow III \]

Step 3: Matching Natural Selection. Natural selection acts through: \[ Relative fitness \] Individuals with greater adaptive advantage survive and reproduce more successfully. Thus: \[ C \rightarrow I \]

Step 4: Matching Gene Flow. Gene flow occurs when genes move between populations through migration and interbreeding. This produces: \[ Admixture \] Therefore: \[ D \rightarrow II \]

Step 5: Writing the final matching combination. The correct matches are: \[ A \rightarrow IV \] \[ B \rightarrow III \] \[ C \rightarrow I \] \[ D \rightarrow II \] Thus, the correct answer becomes: \[ \boxed{\text{(A) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II}} \]