Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Disease Symptoms Due to Toxins)		List-II (Causative Factor)
A	Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP)	I	Alexandrium catenella
B	Diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP)	II	Karenia brevis
C	Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP)	III	\(\mathrm{C_{44}H_{68}O_{13}}\)
D	Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)	IV	Domoic acid

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)

Hint:

- ASP is caused by Domoic acid (think "Amnesic" $\rightarrow$ "Memory" $\rightarrow$ "Domoic").
- PSP is caused by saxitoxins from dinoflagellates like Alexandrium.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) produce potent biotoxins that accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish.
Consuming these contaminated shellfish causes distinct clinical poisoning syndromes in humans.
Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each poisoning syndrome with its associated toxin or causative organism:
- (A) Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP): Caused by the neurotoxin Domoic acid (IV), which is produced by diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. It causes neurological symptoms, including short-term memory loss.
- (B) Diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP): Caused by okadaic acid and its derivatives. The molecular chemical formula of okadaic acid is $\text{C}_{44}\text{H}_{68}\text{O}_{13}$ (III).
- (C) Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP): Caused by brevetoxins, which are produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (II) (formerly Gymnodinium breve).
- (D) Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP): Caused by saxitoxins, which are produced by dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium catenella (I) or Gonyaulax species. It blocks sodium channels, leading to muscle paralysis.
This yields the match: (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I).

Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct option is (4).