Question

Match List I with List II
List I
A. Root nodules
B. Fungus
C. Biofertilizer
D. Oxidation
List II
I. Azobactor
II. Rhizobium
III. Mycorrhiza
IV. Nitrobactor
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• B. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
• D. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Hint:

Remember the classic biological pairings: - Root nodules $\rightarrow$ Rhizobium - Mycorrhiza $\rightarrow$ Fungus - Nitrification (Oxidation) $\rightarrow$ Nitrobacter.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Microbial associations and processes are critical in soil biology, nutrient cycling, and agricultural sustainability.
Matching these biological structures, groups, and activities to their respective organisms helps clarify their roles in soil ecosystems.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us examine each match in detail:
- A. Root nodules: These specialized root structures are formed on leguminous plants through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria, matching with II. Rhizobium.
- B. Fungus: Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a specialized soil fungus and the roots of vascular plants, enhancing nutrient absorption, matching with III. Mycorrhiza.
- C. Biofertilizer: Azotobacter (written as Azobactor) is a free-living, aerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium widely used as a commercial biofertilizer in non-legume crops, matching with I. Azobactor.
- D. Oxidation: Nitrobacter (written as Nitrobactor) is a chemoautotrophic bacterium that obtains energy by oxidizing nitrite ($NO_2^-$) to nitrate ($NO_3^-$) during nitrification, matching with IV. Nitrobactor.
This results in the matching sequence: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV.

Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (A).