Step 1: Concept
The rulers and their contributions during the early period of the Delhi Sultanate.
Step 2: Meaning
List I contains names of important rulers of the Delhi Sultanate: Qutub-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Sultana Razia, and Balban. List II includes events or practices associated with these rulers.
Step 3: Analysis
A) Qutub-ud-din Aibak was the founder of the Delhi Sultanate and built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, which is known as Arhai-din-ka-Jhonpda.
B) Iltutmish was a capable ruler who expanded the empire and introduced the practice of Sajda (prostration), where non-Muslims were required to bow before Muslim rulers.
C) Sultana Razia was the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. She faced many challenges but is known for her reforms, including appointing Malik Jamal-ud-Din Yakut as a minister.
D) Balban was a strong and efficient administrator who strengthened the central authority of the sultanate.
Step 4: Conclusion
Matching these rulers with their contributions or events:
A - II (Arhai-din-ka-Jhonpda)
B - III (Practice of Sajda)
C - IV (Malik Jamal-ud-Din Yakut)
D - I (Mongol invasion under Changezkhan)
Final Answer: (D)