Question

Match List-I with List-II 

List-I (Genetic Aspects)		List-II (Meaning or Alternate Term)
A	Genetic drift	I	Tree's ability to survive and produce offspring
B	Inbreeding depression	II	Hybrid vigour
C	Heterosis	III	Reduced vigour
D	Fitness	IV	Random gene fixation

• (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)

Hint:

Heterosis is always synonymous with hybrid vigour, and inbreeding depression is directly associated with reduced biological vigour. Identifying these two common terms helps to easily locate the correct option.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
To solve this matching question, we need to analyze the standard genetic terms used in tree breeding and evolutionary biology.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us define and pair each term:
- (A) Genetic drift: It is an evolutionary mechanism that causes random fluctuations in allele frequencies across generations, especially in small, isolated populations. This process often leads to the loss of alleles or to Random gene fixation (IV).
- (B) Inbreeding depression: Mating between closely related individuals increases homozygosity, which often results in the expression of deleterious recessive traits and a subsequent Reduced vigour (III) in growth, survival, and fertility.
- (C) Heterosis: Also known as Hybrid vigour (II), it refers to the phenomenon where crossbred offspring display superior characteristics, such as faster growth rates or higher yields, compared to either of their parents.
- (D) Fitness: In evolutionary biology, fitness refers to an organism's adaptation to its environment, specifically the Tree's ability to survive and produce offspring (I) that can contribute to the next generation's gene pool.
By linking these definitions, we get the matched pairs:
(A) $\rightarrow$ (IV)
(B) $\rightarrow$ (III)
(C) $\rightarrow$ (II)
(D) $\rightarrow$ (I)
This matches the combination in Option (C).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I).