Question

Match List-I with List-II:
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{92.png Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)

Hint:

To remember germination types:
Epigeal = Above ground (e.g., Soybean).
Hypogeal = Below ground (e.g., Pea).
Vivipary in plants is a unique adaptation of Mangroves to survive tidal, saline habitats.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Biological organisms exhibit distinct modes of embryo development, germination, and reproduction.
In botany, seed germination is classified based on whether the cotyledons are pushed above the ground (epigeal) or remain below the ground (hypogeal).
In zoology, animals are classified by whether they lay eggs (oviparous) or give birth to live young (viviparous), while some plants also show a form of vivipary.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us correlate the types of germination/birth in List-I with the corresponding organisms in List-II:
1. Epigeal germination (A):
In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and curls upward, pushing the cotyledons above the soil surface.
Once exposed to light, the cotyledons turn green and carry out photosynthesis before the first true leaves expand.
This type of germination is typical of soybean (Glycine max), common beans, and castor.
Thus, (A) matches with (III).
2. Viviparous germination (B):
Vivipary in plants refers to seeds that germinate while still physically attached to the maternal plant, prior to dispersal.
This is an adaptation found in halophytic mangrove plants (e.g., Rhizophora).
The seedling develops a long, heavy radicle while on the tree. When it drops, it plunges into the soft mud below, establishing itself before being washed away by the tide.
Thus, (B) matches with (I).
3. Oviparous germination/birth (C):
Oviparous animals reproduce by laying eggs.
The embryonic development occurs outside the mother's body, nourished by the yolk within the egg.
This reproductive strategy is characteristic of birds.
Thus, (C) matches with (IV).
4. Hypogeal germination (D):
In hypogeal germination, the epicotyl elongates while the hypocotyl remains short.
As a result, the cotyledons remain buried beneath the soil surface.
This type of germination is typical of peas (Pisum sativum), broad beans, and gram.
Thus, (D) matches with (II).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), and (D)-(II). This corresponds to option (D).