Question

Match List I with List II: 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

• A. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
• B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• D. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II

Hint:

Memorize the verse from Kavyaprakasha: "Sanyogo viprayogashcha sahacharyam virodhita..." and the specific standard examples given for each. They are consistently used in all Sahitya exams.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question is based on the factors that help restrict the meaning of a word that has multiple meanings (Aneka-artha-shabda).
Bhartrihari in 'Vakyapadiya' and Mammata in 'Kavyaprakasha' (Ullasa 2) list factors like Sanyoga, Viprayoga, Sahacharyam, Virodhita, etc.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
When a word like 'Hari' has multiple meanings (Vishnu, Lion, Monkey, Sun, etc.), the specific intended meaning is fixed by contextual factors:

1. Sanyoga (Connection): When an attribute typically associated with one meaning is present.
Example: 'Sashankha-chakro harih' (Hari with conch and discus).
Since only Vishnu carries a conch and discus, 'Hari' here must mean Vishnu.
Matches: A-III.

2. Viprayoga (Dissociation): When the absence of an associated attribute is mentioned.
Example: 'Ashankha-chakro harih' (Hari without conch and discus).
The mention of the absence of Vishnu's symbols still restricts the meaning of 'Hari' to Vishnu (someone who *usually* has them).
Matches: B-I.

3. Sahacharyam (Companionship): When two things always appearing together are mentioned.
Example: 'Bhimarjunau'.
'Arjuna' could mean a tree or a hero. Because he is mentioned with Bhima (his brother), it is fixed to the Pandava hero.
Matches: C-IV.

4. Virodhita (Opposition/Enmity): When traditional enemies are mentioned together.
Example: 'Karnarjunau'.
The mention of Karna (the enemy) restricts 'Arjuna' to the Pandava hero.
Matches: D-II.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Matching the pairs: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II. Therefore, Option (A) is correct.