Question

Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
• B. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
• C. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
• D. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Hint:

Haberlandt = First Cells; Skoog/Miller = Hormone Ratios; Steward = Somatic Embryos; Morel = Virus-Free Meristems.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: The history of plant biotechnology is defined by several landmark discoveries that moved the field from theoretical "totipotency" to practical application.

Step 1: The Foundations.
Gottlieb Haberlandt (C) is known as the father of plant tissue culture. In 1902, he was the first to attempt to culture isolated plant cells (I), though he was limited by the lack of known hormones at the time.

Step 2: Hormones and Embryos.
Skoog and Miller (B) discovered the chemical control of organogenesis (III) in 1957, proving that the ratio of auxin to cytokinin determines whether a callus forms roots or shoots. Steward and Reinert (D) independently discovered somatic embryogenesis (II) in 1958, showing that somatic cells could form embryos.

Step 3: Virus Elimination.
Morel and Martin (A) were the pioneers who applied meristem culture (IV) to eliminate viruses from dahlia and potato plants in the 1950s.