Question

Match List - I with List - II. \[ \begin{array}{ll|ll} & List - I & & List - II A. & \text{Vipaśyanā} & I. & \text{Subtle vision of Dhyāna} B. & \text{Samādhi} & II. & \text{Stability of mind (Citta)} C. & \text{Śamatha} & III. & \text{Subduing (Śamana) of Mind} D. & \text{Ānāpāna} & IV. & \text{Breathing-Memory (Śvāsa-Smṛti)} \end{array} \] Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
• B. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-III, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• D. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Hint:

Remember the roots:
• Vipaśyanā = Special seeing
• Śamatha = Calmness
• Samādhi = Stability
• Ānāpāna = Breathing meditation

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Buddhist meditation traditions classify spiritual cultivation into two major streams:
• Śamatha (calming meditation)
• Vipaśyanā (insight meditation) Through disciplined meditative practice, the practitioner develops concentration, mindfulness, inner stability, and direct insight into reality. Terms like Samādhi and Ānāpāna are closely connected with this meditative framework.

Step 1: Understanding Vipaśyanā. The word Vipaśyanā comes from: \[ Vi + Paśya \] meaning: \[ \text{special seeing} \quad \text{or} \quad \text{clear insight} \] It refers to deep intuitive insight arising through meditation. It is often described as the subtle or higher vision obtained through Dhyāna (meditative absorption). Through Vipaśyanā, the practitioner realizes impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Therefore: \[ Vipaśyanā \rightarrow Subtle vision of Dhyāna \] Hence: \[ A \rightarrow I \]

Step 2: Understanding Samādhi. Samādhi refers to one-pointed concentration of mind. It is the state where mental distractions disappear and consciousness becomes steady, unified, and deeply focused upon a single object. Thus, Samādhi primarily signifies: \[ Stability of mind \] Hence: \[ B \rightarrow II \]

Step 3: Understanding Śamatha. The term Śamatha derives from the Sanskrit root: \[ \textit{Śam} = \text{to calm or pacify} \] Śamatha meditation aims to quiet mental agitation, emotional disturbances, and restless thoughts. Therefore, Śamatha corresponds to: \[ Subduing or calming of the mind \] Hence: \[ C \rightarrow III \]

Step 4: Understanding Ānāpāna. Ānāpāna refers to mindfulness of breathing. \[ Āna = \text{inhalation}, \qquad Apāna = \text{exhalation} \] The practitioner observes inhalation and exhalation carefully while maintaining continuous awareness (Smṛti). Therefore: \[ Ānāpāna \rightarrow Breathing-memory / Breath-awareness \] Hence: \[ D \rightarrow IV \]

Step 5: Final Conclusion. The final matching becomes: \[ A-I,\quad B-II,\quad C-III,\quad D-IV \] Therefore, the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{(2)} \]