Question

Match List I with List II according to the Rasa and its corresponding Sthayi Bhava: 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

• A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• B. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
• C. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• D. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Hint:

To remember this, think of the core human emotion behind the art. For Heroism, you need energy (Utsahah). For Love, you need delight (Ratih). For Terror, you feel fear (Bhayam). For Pathos, you feel sorrow (Shokah).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In Sanskrit poetics, specifically in the 'Rasa-Sutra' tradition initiated by Bharata Muni, every 'Rasa' (Aesthetic Sentiment) has a corresponding 'Sthayi Bhava' (Permanent Dominant Emotion).
A Sthayi Bhava is an emotion that exists latently in the human heart and is transformed into Rasa through the combination of Vibhava, Anubhava, and Vyabhichari Bhavas.
Understanding these pairs is fundamental to Indian aesthetics.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
According to the 'Natyashastra' and later texts like 'Sahityadarpana', the primary Rasas are linked to their respective Sthayi Bhavas as follows:

1. Shringara Rasa (The Erotic): Its Sthayi Bhava is Ratih (Love or Delight).
It is described as the primary or king of all sentiments (Rasa-raja). It arises from the mutual attraction between a hero and a heroine.
Matching: A-IV.

2. Karuna Rasa (The Pathetic): Its Sthayi Bhava is Shokah (Grief or Sorrow).
It arises from the loss of a loved one or an unfortunate event. In the Ramayana, Valmiki's Shoka turned into Shloka (poetry), signifying this Rasa.
Matching: B-III.

3. Bhayanaka Rasa (The Terrible): Its Sthayi Bhava is Bhayam (Fear).
It is produced when an audience observes a frightening object, person, or situation, leading to the aesthetic experience of fear.
Matching: C-I.

4. Vira Rasa (The Heroic): Its Sthayi Bhava is Utsahah (Energy or Enthusiasm).
It represents the spirit of courage, generosity, or steadfastness displayed by the hero (Nayaka). It is of four types: Dana-vira, Dharma-vira, Daya-vira, and Yuddha-vira.
Matching: D-II.

By combining these matches, we get the sequence A-IV, B-III, C-I, and D-II.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Based on the standard classification of Rasas and Sthayi Bhavas, the correct match is A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II. Therefore, Option (B) is the correct answer.