Question

Match List I with List II according to the definitions and examples of Poetic Defects (Doshas) from Kavyaprakasha: 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

• A. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
• B. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• C. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• D. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Hint:

Gramyatva usually refers to 'body parts' or 'low actions' mentioned crudely. Apratitava is 'Shastra-technical' obscurity. Identifying these keywords helps in matching.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In Sanskrit poetics, 'Doshas' are those factors that detract from the aesthetic relish (Rasa).
Acharya Mammata in 'Kavyaprakasha' lists several types of defects related to the word (Pada), sentence (Vakya), and meaning (Artha).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Based on the standard examples provided in the second and seventh chapters of Kavyaprakasha:

1. Aprayukta-doshah (Unemployed/Not in use): A word that exists in the dictionary but is not used by poets in that specific sense.
Example: 'Yogena dalitashayah...' (where the word 'Yoga' is used in a sense not common in poetic convention).
Matching: A-II.

2. Gramyatva-doshah (Vulgarity/Rusticity): Using words that are considered unrefined or inappropriately frank.
Example: 'Katiste harate manah...' (The mention of 'Kati' or buttocks in a way that feels vulgar or common).
Matching: B-III.

3. Apratitava-doshah (Unintelligibility/Obscurity): A word whose meaning is understood only through a specific Shastra (technical terminology) and not common usage.
Example: 'Shura amaratam yanti...' (Where 'Amaratam' is used in a technical sense from grammar or philosophy that is obscure for a general reader).
Matching: C-I.

4. Anuchitartha-doshah (Inappropriate meaning): Mentioning a meaning that is logically or contextually inappropriate for the subject.
Example: 'Bhati padmah sarovare...' (While simple, if the context demands a grander or specific poetic significance, such plain descriptions can sometimes fall under inappropriate simplicity or lack of depth).
Matching: D-IV.

These matches follow the technical definitions where the word usage fails the standard of poetic excellence.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Matching the definitions to their traditional contexts: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV. Therefore, Option (B) is correct.