Levels of evidence for different types of Research studies (Bottom Up Approach):
A. Systematic review of RCTs
B. Case control study
C. Systematic review of case control studies
D. Case series
E. Systematic review of cohort studies
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A. Systematic review of RCTs
B. Case control study
C. Systematic review of case control studies
D. Case series
E. Systematic review of cohort studies
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
- B, D, C, E, A
- D, B, E, C, A
- B, D, E, C, A
- C, E, B, D, A
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Levels of evidence follow a hierarchy from weakest to strongest evidence:
• Case series (lowest)
• Case-control studies
• Cohort studies
• Systematic reviews/meta-analyses (highest)
Step 1: Lowest level – Case series.
• Descriptive study without comparison Thus: \[ D: Case series \]
Step 2: Case-control study.
• Retrospective comparison of cases and controls Thus: \[ B: Case control study \]
Step 3: Cohort-based evidence (systematic review).
• Stronger observational evidence Thus: \[ E: Systematic review of cohort studies \]
Step 4: Systematic review of case-control studies.
• Higher than individual case-control Thus: \[ C: Systematic review of case control studies \]
Step 5: Highest level.
• Systematic review of RCTs Thus: \[ A: Systematic review of RCTs \]
Step 6: Final sequence.
\[ D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow C \rightarrow A \] \[ \boxed{\text{Correct answer = Option (2)}} \]
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