Cement contains a phase called tricalcium aluminate:
\[
C_3A.
\]
This phase reacts very quickly with water.
If no controlling agent is added, cement may set too rapidly.
This is called flash setting.
To prevent flash setting and to control setting time, gypsum is added to cement.
Gypsum has the chemical formula:
\[
CaSO_4\cdot 2H_2O.
\]
Gypsum reacts with \(C_3A\) and slows down its hydration.
Because of this, cement remains workable for sufficient time after mixing with water.
Lime, silica, and magnesia are important oxides in cement chemistry, but they are not used specifically to control setting time.
Therefore, the material used to control setting time of cement is:
\[
\text{Gypsum}.
\]