Question:
Large rewards and severe punishments are examples of ______ justification for behaviour and result in _____ changes in attitude.
Large rewards and severe punishments are examples of ______ justification for behaviour and result in _____ changes in attitude.
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Remember the rule of thumb from dissonance theory: \textbf{big reward/penalty} $\Rightarrow$ \textbf{external justification} $\Rightarrow$ \textbf{small} attitude change; \textbf{small reward/penalty} $\Rightarrow$ \textbf{internal justification} $\Rightarrow$ \textbf{big} attitude change.
Updated On: Aug 30, 2025
- internal; big
- external; big
- internal; small
- external; small
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Define justifications. {External justification} refers to doing a behavior because of outside pressures/rewards (e.g., big prize; harsh penalty). {Internal justification} means aligning attitudes to justify one’s behavior when external pressure is insufficient.
Step 2: Dissonance prediction. When rewards/punishments are {large}, people can attribute their behavior to external causes, so they experience little dissonance and need only a {small} change in attitude. Conversely, {small} rewards/punishments produce insufficient external justification, prompting larger internal attitude change.
Step 3: Choose the option. Therefore: \(\underline{external}\) justification; \(\underline{small} \)attitude change \(\Rightarrow\) (D).
Final Answer: (D)
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