Question

Lactic acid fish fermented product is

• A. Ngapi
• B. Nam-pla
• C. Patis
• D. Pla-ra

Hint:

To identify lactic acid fermented fish products, look for the addition of a carbohydrate source like rice, starch, or sugar in the recipe. Examples include Pla-ra (Thailand), Burong Isda (Philippines), and Som-fak.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Fish fermentation is a traditional method of food preservation widely used in Southeast Asia. This process can be broadly categorized into two types: salt-fermented products (where high salt concentrations inhibit spoilage while enzymes break down protein) and lactic acid fermented products (where a carbohydrate source is added to stimulate the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which lower the pH to preserve the product).
Detailed Explanation:
In lactic acid fermentation of fish, an external carbohydrate source such as cooked rice, roasted rice, or sugar is added to the fish-salt mixture. This carbohydrate serves as a substrate for bacteria like Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. These bacteria convert sugars into lactic acid, resulting in a tangy flavor and a low-pH environment that prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

1. Ngapi: This is a generic term for fermented fish or shrimp paste used in Burmese cuisine. It is primarily a salt-cured product rather than a lactic-fermented one.
2. Nam-pla: This is the traditional Thai fish sauce. It is produced by mixing small fish with salt and fermenting them in large tanks for several months. It is a product of high-salt proteolysis, not lactic acid fermentation.
3. Patis: Similar to Nam-pla, Patis is the Filipino version of fish sauce. It is the liquid by-product of the fermentation of salted fish or shrimp and relies on autolytic enzymes and salt for preservation.
4. Pla-ra: This is a traditional Thai fermented fish product. Crucially, it is made by mixing fish with salt and roasted rice powder or rice bran. The addition of rice provides the carbohydrates necessary for lactic acid bacteria to flourish, making it a classic example of a lactic acid fermented fish product.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Among the options provided, Pla-ra is the specific product that undergoes lactic acid fermentation due to the addition of a carbohydrate source (rice).