Step 1: Understanding the Concept
In 1978 Lydia Villa-Komaroff worked with Walter Gilbert on making insulin by recombinant DNA technology.
Step 2: The method
The (pro)insulin gene was joined into a bacterial plasmid next to a bacterial gene and expressed in E. coli.
Step 3: Why the other options fail
Sharpey-Schafer named the hormone insulin. Itakura and co-workers made chemically synthesised genes for the A and B chains. Stanley Cohen with Boyer built the first recombinant plasmid.
Final Answer:
Gilbert and Villa-Komaroff are credited with designing insulin production by rDNA technology.
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