Step 1: Identifying the types of forces in adsorption.
In physical adsorption, the gas molecules are held by weak forces, mainly van der waals' forces, which are temporary dipole interactions between molecules.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (1) Strong chemical forces: Chemical forces are involved in chemisorption, not in physical adsorption.
- (2) Van der waalsâ forces: This is the correct option. In physical adsorption, van der waalsâ forces are responsible for holding the gas molecules to the surface.
- (3) Metallic bonds: Metallic bonds are not involved in adsorption.
- (4) Gravitational forces: Gravitational forces are too weak to play a significant role in adsorption.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (2) Van der waalsâ forces.