Question

In a study that aims to establish a relationship between smoking and the incidence of cancer, the number of hours of exercise done by the respondents can be identified as which type of variable?

• A. Significant Variable
• B. Extraneous variable
• C. Dependent variable
• D. Independent variable

Hint:

Understanding the role of different variables in a study helps in identifying potential confounding factors that might affect the results and should be controlled or accounted for in the analysis.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Concept
In experimental and observational studies, variables are categorized into different types based on their role. These include independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables.

Step 2: Meaning
Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable. Dependent Variable: The variable being measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable. Extraneous Variable: A variable that influences the dependent variable but is not of primary interest and can introduce noise into the study.

Step 3: Analysis
In this context, the study aims to establish a relationship between smoking (an independent variable) and the incidence of cancer (a dependent variable). The number of hours of exercise done by the respondents is an additional factor that could influence the likelihood of developing cancer but is not directly manipulated or the primary focus of the study. Therefore, it acts as a variable that might affect the outcome but is not part of the core relationship being studied.

Step 4: Conclusion
The number of hours of exercise done by the respondents is not directly controlled or measured to determine its effect on smoking and cancer incidence; rather, it could be influenced by other factors related to lifestyle. Hence, this variable is best classified as an extraneous variable. Final Answer: (B)