Question

If a researcher observes a child playing with her friends in the park for 15 minutes, noting down everything that the child does, without interacting with the child, the researcher is recording:
A. Event sample
B. Naturalistic observation
C. Survey
D. Non-participant observation
E. Participant observation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and C only
• B. A, B and D only
• C. B, C and D only
• D. A, C and E only

Hint:

Naturalistic observation (B) in a real-world setting combined with non-participant observation (D) minimizes the observer effect, ensuring the collected data reflects natural behavior.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In child development research, choosing the correct observational methodology is important to gather valid, unbiased data about children's natural behaviors and social interactions.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the researcher's approach based on the described scenario:
- Naturalistic Observation (B): The researcher observes the child in a natural, real-world setting (a public park) rather than in a controlled laboratory environment. This ensures the child's behavior is natural and unaffected by artificial surroundings.
- Non-participant Observation (D): The researcher does not interact with the child or join in the play. Instead, they remain a passive observer to avoid influencing the child's behavior.
- Event Sampling (A): This systematic observation method involves recording all behaviors and events that occur during a specific, pre-determined time window (such as a 15-minute interval).
Let us evaluate the remaining options:
- Survey (C): A self-report method using questionnaires or interviews, which is not described here.
- Participant Observation (E): A method where the researcher actively joins the group and interacts with the participants, which contradicts the scenario.
Therefore, the researcher is using event sampling, naturalistic observation, and non-participant observation.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct combination of methods is represented by option (B).