Question

Identify the type of reaction when benzene reacts with nitrating mixture.

• A. Substitution
• B. Addition
• C. Elimination
• D. Polymerization

Hint:

Benzene reacts with the nitronium ion in an electrophilic substitution that replaces one ring hydrogen by a nitro group.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept
The nitrating mixture is concentrated \(\text{HNO}_{3}\) and concentrated \(\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\). It produces the electrophile \(\text{NO}_{2}^{+}\).

Step 2: What happens
\(\text{NO}_{2}^{+}\) attacks the benzene ring and a ring hydrogen is lost as \(\text{H}^{+}\), keeping the aromatic ring intact.

Step 3: Result
\(\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{6}+\text{HNO}_{3}\rightarrow\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{5}\text{NO}_{2}+\text{H}_{2}\text{O}\), an electrophilic substitution.

Final Answer:
The reaction is a substitution reaction. \[ \boxed{\text{(A) }\text{Substitution}} \]