Question

Identify the correct order of the types of 'Atishayokti' (Hyperbole) as traditionally listed:
A. Abhede bhedah (Difference in identity)
B. Sambandhe asambandhah (Non-connection in connection)
C. Asambandhe sambandhah (Connection in non-connection)
D. Karyakarana-paurvaparya-vyatikramah (Reversal of cause-effect order)
E. Bhede abhedah (Identity in difference)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. C, D, E, A, B
• B. B, C, D, E, A
• C. A, B, C, D, E
• D. E, A, C, B, D

Hint:

To remember the sequence:
1. Identity (A=B)
2. Difference (A $\neq$ A)
3. Connection (Link)
4. Non-connection (No Link)
5. Time (Cause-Effect).
This logical progression helps recall the order of Atishayokti.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
'Atishayokti' is one of the most important figures of speech (Alamkaras), defined by 'Adhyavasaya' (introspection/identification of the subject with the object). In standard texts like Mammata's 'Kavyaprakasha', five distinct varieties of Atishayokti are defined and illustrated. The question asks for the standard sequence in which these varieties are presented in the technical definitions.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The traditional sequence in Sahitya Shastra for the five types of Atishayokti is:

1. E. Bhede abhedah (Abhedeshi-atishayokti): When things that are actually different are poetically described as identical. (e.g., "This is the moon" meaning "This is her face").

2. A. Abhede bhedah (Bhedeshi-atishayokti): When a single thing is described as being different or unique compared to itself. (e.g., "His courage is something else entirely").

3. C. Asambandhe sambandhah (Sambandha-atishayokti): When a connection is described where none exists. (e.g., "The banners of the city touch the moon").

4. B. Sambandhe asambandhah (Asambandha-atishayokti): When a connection is denied where it naturally exists. (e.g., "Even when he looked at her, his mind did not move").

5. D. Karyakarana-paurvaparya-vyatikramah (Akrama-atishayokti): When the effect is said to occur simultaneously with or even before the cause. (e.g., "The arrows left the bow and the enemy fell at the same moment").

This sequence (Bhede abhedah $\rightarrow$ Abhede bhedah $\rightarrow$ Asambandhe sambandhah $\rightarrow$ Sambandhe asambandhah $\rightarrow$ Akrama) is the standard pedagogical order. It moves from basic identity-based hyperbole to complex logical reversals.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The standard sequence is E, A, C, B, D. Thus, Option (D) is the correct answer.