Identify the correct order of reactivity for the following pairs towards the respective mechanism
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
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For SN2, steric hindrance matters: \(1^◦ > 2^◦ > 3^◦\). For SN1, carbocation stability is key. EDGs activate aromatic rings for electrophilic substitution, while EWGs activate for nucleophilic substitution.
- (B), (C) and (D) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
(A) SN2 Reaction:
In SN2 reactions:
- The nucleophile attacks the substrate from the backside.
- A transition state forms where the nucleophile and leaving group are partially bonded to the carbon atom.
- Steric hindrance plays a crucial role. The reactivity order is: Primary (1°) > Secondary (2°) > Tertiary (3°)
- The less substituted carbon is more accessible to the nucleophile, making the given order correct.
(B) SN1 Reaction:
In SN1 reactions:
- The reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.
- The rate-determining step is the formation of the carbocation.
- Benzylic carbocations are highly stable due to resonance with the aromatic ring.
- The given order is correct as the benzylic carbocation is more stable.
(C) Electrophilic Substitution:
In electrophilic aromatic substitution:
- Electron-donating groups (EDGs) activate the aromatic ring by increasing electron density, making it more reactive to electrophiles.
- Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) deactivate the ring by reducing electron density.
- Chlorine (Cl) is weakly deactivating, while nitro (NO2) is strongly deactivating.
- Hence, the given order is correct.
(D) Nucleophilic Substitution:
In nucleophilic aromatic substitution:
- EWGs at ortho and para positions to the leaving group stabilize the intermediate by withdrawing electron density.
- The nitro group (NO2) is strongly electron-withdrawing compared to bromine (Br), enhancing reactivity for nucleophilic substitution.
- The given order is correct.
Conclusion:
(A), (B), (C), and (D) are all correct.
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