Question

How can azoospermic semen be separated from female fraction ? A. Laser capture micro-dissection
B. Y-Chromosome-specific markers
C. Differential extraction
D. FTA paper card
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A and B Only
• B. B and C Only
• C. B and D Only
• D. A and D Only

Hint:

Azoospermic cases → No sperm → Use Y-markers or microdissection, not differential extraction.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Azoospermic semen refers to semen that lacks sperm cells. In such cases, standard differential extraction techniques fail because they rely on separating sperm cells from epithelial cells. Therefore, alternative molecular and microscopic techniques are used.

Step 1: Understanding differential extraction (C).
Differential extraction works by separating sperm cells from female epithelial cells. Since azoospermic semen lacks sperm, this method is ineffective.
Thus, C is incorrect.

Step 2: Understanding Laser Capture Microdissection (A).
This technique allows precise isolation of specific cells (such as male cells) under a microscope. It is useful in separating mixed samples even without sperm.
Thus, A is correct.

Step 3: Understanding Y-chromosome markers (B).
Y-chromosome-specific markers detect male DNA directly, even in the absence of sperm cells. This makes them highly useful in azoospermic cases.
Thus, B is correct.

Step 4: Understanding FTA card (D).
FTA cards are used for storage and preservation of DNA, not for separation of male and female fractions.
Thus, D is incorrect.

Step 5: Final evaluation.
Correct combination is A and B. Final Conclusion:
Hence, the correct answer is option (1).