Question

Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The phenomenon of mutual exchange of food between adults and larvae is the basis of social system in insects.
Statement II: Trophallaxis is observed in ants and wasps.

• A. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
• B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
• C. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
• D. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct

Hint:

Trophallaxis is the chemical "internet" of the hive. It allows every member of the colony to know the nutritional and hormonal state of the queen and the brood within minutes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Social insects (Hymenoptera and Isoptera) rely on complex communication and resource-sharing systems to maintain the integrity of their colonies.
Detailed Explanation:
Analysis of Statement I:
The concept of "Trophallaxis" was introduced by William Morton Wheeler.
He argued that the social bond in a colony is cemented by the mutual exchange of liquid food.
Adults feed the larvae, and in many species (like social wasps), the larvae secrete a nutrient-rich saliva that the adults consume.
This reciprocity creates a biological and social interdependence between different castes and ages within the colony.
Therefore, Statement I is correct.
Analysis of Statement II:
Trophallaxis is highly developed in ants, bees, wasps, and termites.
In ants, it involves mouth-to-mouth (stomodeal) regurgitation of food stored in the "social stomach" (crop).
In social wasps, the larvae produce a sugary secretion that is a vital energy source for the workers.
This behavior is not just for feeding; it also helps in the distribution of pheromones that regulate the colony's reproductive status.
Therefore, Statement II is correct.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Both statements are biologically accurate regarding trophallaxis and social insect evolution.