Question:
Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): Surge irrigation is technically advanced furrow irrigation method in which water is supplied in cyclic form i.e. pulses
Statement (II): Deep percolation at upstream and runoff losses at downstream are minimum with surge irrigation.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): Surge irrigation is technically advanced furrow irrigation method in which water is supplied in cyclic form i.e. pulses
Statement (II): Deep percolation at upstream and runoff losses at downstream are minimum with surge irrigation.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Statement (I): Surge irrigation is technically advanced furrow irrigation method in which water is supplied in cyclic form i.e. pulses
Statement (II): Deep percolation at upstream and runoff losses at downstream are minimum with surge irrigation.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Show Hint
Surge irrigation improves water application uniformity by reducing the soil's infiltration rate during the "off" cycles, enabling water to reach the end of the furrow with less water lost to deep percolation.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Surge irrigation is an automated, intermittent application of water to furrows or borders, alternating between "on" and "off" periods (cycles).
Detailed Explanation:
- Statement (I) Evaluation: Surge irrigation is a surface irrigation technique where water is released into furrows in a series of on-and-off pulses.
This cyclical delivery of water distinguishes it from continuous furrow irrigation. Thus, Statement (I) is correct.
- Statement (II) Evaluation: During the "off" periods of the cycle, water in the furrow infiltrates, causing the soil surface to seal and consolidate.
When water is turned back "on" in the next cycle, it encounters a smoother, less permeable surface, allowing it to advance much faster downslope.
This rapid advance reduces the time difference in water contact between the upstream and downstream ends of the furrow.
As a result, deep percolation losses at the upstream end are minimized, and tailwater runoff losses at the downstream end are significantly reduced. Thus, Statement (II) is correct.
Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A).
Surge irrigation is an automated, intermittent application of water to furrows or borders, alternating between "on" and "off" periods (cycles).
Detailed Explanation:
- Statement (I) Evaluation: Surge irrigation is a surface irrigation technique where water is released into furrows in a series of on-and-off pulses.
This cyclical delivery of water distinguishes it from continuous furrow irrigation. Thus, Statement (I) is correct.
- Statement (II) Evaluation: During the "off" periods of the cycle, water in the furrow infiltrates, causing the soil surface to seal and consolidate.
When water is turned back "on" in the next cycle, it encounters a smoother, less permeable surface, allowing it to advance much faster downslope.
This rapid advance reduces the time difference in water contact between the upstream and downstream ends of the furrow.
As a result, deep percolation losses at the upstream end are minimized, and tailwater runoff losses at the downstream end are significantly reduced. Thus, Statement (II) is correct.
Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A).
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