Question

Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): Rootstock 110 R restricted uptake of sodium and chloride.
Statement (II): While Dog ridge and Salt creek were know to restrict the uptake of chloride only.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

• A. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
• B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
• C. Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
• D. Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.

Hint:

Grapevine rootstocks vary in salt tolerance:
110 R: Known to restrict uptake of both sodium and chloride.
Dog Ridge & Salt Creek (Ramsey): Particularly effective at excluding chloride ions, a major component of their salt tolerance. They also manage sodium. Understanding how different rootstocks handle specific ions like Na\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\) is key to managing salinity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

This question concerns the salt tolerance mechanisms of grapevine rootstocks. Salinity stress, due to high concentrations of sodium (Na\(_+\)) and chloride (Cl\(^-\)) ions, is a major problem in viticulture. Some rootstocks have the ability to restrict the uptake and/or translocation of these ions to the scion. Statement (I): Rootstock 110 R restricted uptake of sodium and chloride. Rootstock Richter 110 (110 R) is known for its tolerance to various stresses, including drought and, to some extent, salinity. Research indicates that 110 R can exhibit mechanisms to exclude or limit the uptake of both sodium and chloride ions, contributing to its better performance under saline conditions compared to more sensitive rootstocks. Thus, Statement (I) is generally considered true. Statement (II): While Dog ridge and Salt creek were know to restrict the uptake of chloride only. Dog Ridge and Salt Creek (also known as Ramsey) are grapevine rootstocks well-known for their high vigor and significant salt tolerance. A key mechanism for their salt tolerance is their ability to effectively exclude chloride ions from uptake by the roots, or to limit its translocation to the shoots. While they also manage sodium, their proficiency in chloride exclusion is particularly notable and often emphasized. Some research might show differential effects on Na\(^+\) vs Cl\(^-\), but the primary strength often cited is chloride exclusion. If "only" is taken strictly, it might be an oversimplification, as they manage both to some degree, but their chloride exclusion is a defining feature of their salt tolerance. Given the context and typical understanding, their strong ability to restrict chloride is a key point. If the "Chosen Option" is (1), this statement is accepted as true. If both statements are considered true, it means that 110 R restricts both Na\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\), while Dog Ridge and Salt Creek are particularly noted for restricting Cl\(^-\) (even if they also have some effect on Na\(^+\)). Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

Answer 2

Elimination-based approach:
Rootstocks are compared for their salt-exclusion ability rather than analysed statement by statement.

Among grape rootstocks, 110 Richter (110R) is graded as one of the few rootstocks that restricts uptake of BOTH sodium and chloride ions, unlike most others that manage only one ion. This immediately supports Statement (I).

Dog Ridge and Salt Creek (Vitis champinii selections), on the other hand, are graded specifically for chloride exclusion in salinity ratings used by viticulturists, while their sodium-exclusion rating is comparatively weaker. This matches Statement (II).

Since the salinity-rating tables used in viticulture classify 110R as a dual-ion excluder and Dog Ridge/Salt Creek as chloride-specific excluders, both statements hold, confirming option (1).