Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): Lichens are the symbiotic associations between a photobiont and a mycobiont partner.
Statement (II): Mycorrhizae are the symbiotic associations between plant root and fungi.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Statement (I): Lichens are the symbiotic associations between a photobiont and a mycobiont partner.
Statement (II): Mycorrhizae are the symbiotic associations between plant root and fungi.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Show Hint
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Symbiosis represents a close, long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.
Both lichens and mycorrhizae are classic, highly successful evolutionary examples of mutualistic symbiotic relationships.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each statement individually:
- Statement (I): A lichen is not a single organism, but a stable symbiotic association.
This partnership is formed between a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont, which is either a green alga or a cyanobacterium) and a fungal partner (the mycobiont, usually an ascomycete or basidiomycete).
The photobiont fixes carbon through photosynthesis to provide organic nutrients, while the mycobiont provides structural protection, water, and mineral absorption.
Thus, Statement (I) is true.
- Statement (II): Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association.
This association is established between the roots of vascular plants and specialized soil fungi.
The plant provides the fungus with carbon compounds produced during photosynthesis.
In return, the fungal hyphae dramatically increase the surface area of the root system, facilitating the absorption of water and essential mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus.
Thus, Statement (II) is true.
Consequently, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true, corresponding to option (A).
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