Question

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: Extruded fish feeds are manufactured at high temperature
Reason R: Extruded feeds are manufactured at low pressure
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

• A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
• B. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
• C. A is correct but R is not correct
• D. A is not correct but R is correct

Hint:

Floating feeds are synonymous with extrusion cooking (high-temp, high-pressure), while traditional sinking pellet feeds are produced via pellet presses (moderate-temp, lower-pressure).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Extrusion cooking is a modern feed-manufacturing technology that uses a combination of high temperature, high pressure, shear, and moisture to cook and shape feed ingredients into highly stable pellets.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Assertion A: During the extrusion process, the feed mix is subjected to high temperatures (usually ranging between \(100\text{--}140^\circ\text{C}\)) inside the extruder barrel. This gelatinizes the starches, inactivates anti-nutritional factors, and sterilizes the feed.
Hence, Assertion A is correct.
- Reason R: Extrusion is a high-temperature, high-pressure short-time (HTST) process.
The mixture is forced through a die under immense pressure.
When the pellet exits the die into atmospheric pressure, the sudden pressure drop causes the entrapped water to flash into steam, expanding the pellet and creating its floating/buoyant property.
Manufacturing under "low pressure" is incorrect.
Hence, Reason R is incorrect.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Assertion A is correct but Reason R is not correct, which corresponds to option (C).