Question

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In the production of extruded feed manufacture, high temperature and high pressure are used.
Reason (R): In the extruded feed production, small air pockets are formed inside pellets and they float in the water.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

• A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
• C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
• D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Hint:

Floating Feed = Extruded Feed. Sinking Feed = Steam Pelleted Feed. High pressure is the "magic" that makes the feed expand and float.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Extrusion is a feed manufacturing process where raw ingredients are cooked under high heat and pressure and then forced through a die to create pellets.
Detailed Explanation:
Analysis of Assertion (A): During extrusion, the feed mash is subjected to temperatures exceeding 100°C and very high pressure inside the extruder barrel. This cooks the starch (gelatinization) and destroys anti-nutritional factors. Thus, (A) is true.
Analysis of Reason (R): When the pressurized feed is forced through the die at the end of the extruder, it experiences a sudden drop to atmospheric pressure. This cause the internal moisture to instantly turn into steam and expand the pellet. This "puffing" creates a porous structure with trapped air pockets. These air pockets reduce the density of the pellet, making it float. Thus, (R) is true.
Relationship: The specific use of high temperature and pressure (A) is exactly what allows the steam expansion to occur, creating the air pockets (R). Therefore, (R) explains how the manufacturing process (A) results in the physical property of floating.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).