Question:
Given below are five statements about floods:
(A) Floods are exceedingly complex natural events. They are resultant of a number of component parameters and are therefore very difficult to model them analytically.
(B) In the regions having same climatological characteristics, if the available flood data are quite insufficient, the enveloping curve technique can be used to develop a relationship between the minimum flood flow and drainage area.
(C) For design purposes, extreme rainfall situations are used to obtain the design storm.
(D) The rational formula is found to be suitable for a peak flow prediction in small catchments upto 75 km\(^2\) in an area.
(E) The rational formula assumes a homogeneous catchment surface.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are five statements about floods:
(A) Floods are exceedingly complex natural events. They are resultant of a number of component parameters and are therefore very difficult to model them analytically.
(B) In the regions having same climatological characteristics, if the available flood data are quite insufficient, the enveloping curve technique can be used to develop a relationship between the minimum flood flow and drainage area.
(C) For design purposes, extreme rainfall situations are used to obtain the design storm.
(D) The rational formula is found to be suitable for a peak flow prediction in small catchments upto 75 km\(^2\) in an area.
(E) The rational formula assumes a homogeneous catchment surface.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Floods are exceedingly complex natural events. They are resultant of a number of component parameters and are therefore very difficult to model them analytically.
(B) In the regions having same climatological characteristics, if the available flood data are quite insufficient, the enveloping curve technique can be used to develop a relationship between the minimum flood flow and drainage area.
(C) For design purposes, extreme rainfall situations are used to obtain the design storm.
(D) The rational formula is found to be suitable for a peak flow prediction in small catchments upto 75 km\(^2\) in an area.
(E) The rational formula assumes a homogeneous catchment surface.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
Look for a swapped word (minimum/maximum) and an altered catchment area limit among the five statements.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
- (A), (C) and (E) only.
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (C), (D) and (E) only.
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Statement (A) is correct: floods result from many interacting factors (rainfall, catchment shape, soil moisture, land use, etc.), so purely analytical modelling is difficult.
Step 2: Statement (C) is correct: for design flood estimation, extreme rainfall values are used to derive the design storm.
Step 3: Statement (E) is correct: the rational formula assumes the catchment is homogeneous, with uniform rainfall intensity and runoff coefficient.
Step 4: Statement (B) is incorrect as stated: the enveloping curve technique relates the maximum observed flood flow (not the minimum) to the drainage area for regions with similar climate.
Step 5: Statement (D) is incorrect as stated: the rational formula is normally considered reliable for small catchments up to about 50 km\(^2\), not 75 km\(^2\).
So the correct statements are (A), (C) and (E) only, option 1.
Step 2: Statement (C) is correct: for design flood estimation, extreme rainfall values are used to derive the design storm.
Step 3: Statement (E) is correct: the rational formula assumes the catchment is homogeneous, with uniform rainfall intensity and runoff coefficient.
Step 4: Statement (B) is incorrect as stated: the enveloping curve technique relates the maximum observed flood flow (not the minimum) to the drainage area for regions with similar climate.
Step 5: Statement (D) is incorrect as stated: the rational formula is normally considered reliable for small catchments up to about 50 km\(^2\), not 75 km\(^2\).
So the correct statements are (A), (C) and (E) only, option 1.
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