Step 1: Understanding the Concept
Facilitated diffusion moves substances across a membrane through carrier or channel proteins without using ATP.
Step 2: What it needs
Movement takes place only down a concentration gradient, so a concentration gradient is essential.
Step 3: Compare the options
Expenditure of energy is needed for active transport, not for facilitated diffusion.
Final Answer:
A concentration gradient is essential for facilitated diffusion.
\[ \boxed{\text{(B) }\text{concentration gradient}} \]