Question:
Followings are the statements with respect to erosion control structures :
(A) One of the primary causes of failure of permanent control structure is insufficient hydraulic capacity.
(B) Model studies of open channel structures are based on Reynold number.
(C) A given quantity of water in an open conduit may flow at two depths having same energy head.
(D) The capacity of chute spillway is decreased by sedimentation at the outlet.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Followings are the statements with respect to erosion control structures :
(A) One of the primary causes of failure of permanent control structure is insufficient hydraulic capacity.
(B) Model studies of open channel structures are based on Reynold number.
(C) A given quantity of water in an open conduit may flow at two depths having same energy head.
(D) The capacity of chute spillway is decreased by sedimentation at the outlet.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(A) One of the primary causes of failure of permanent control structure is insufficient hydraulic capacity.
(B) Model studies of open channel structures are based on Reynold number.
(C) A given quantity of water in an open conduit may flow at two depths having same energy head.
(D) The capacity of chute spillway is decreased by sedimentation at the outlet.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Show Hint
- Alternate Depths: Two depths having the same specific energy for a given discharge.
- Froude Number: Critical parameter for gravity-driven open channel flows (\(Fr = V/\sqrt{gy}\)).
- Reynolds Number: Critical parameter for friction-driven pipe flows (\(Re = \rho VD/\mu\)).
- Froude Number: Critical parameter for gravity-driven open channel flows (\(Fr = V/\sqrt{gy}\)).
- Reynolds Number: Critical parameter for friction-driven pipe flows (\(Re = \rho VD/\mu\)).
Updated On: Jul 24, 2026
- (A) and (C) only.
- (B) and (D) only.
- (A), (C) and (D).
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Engineering structures designed for soil erosion control, such as drop spillways, chute spillways, and open channels, must be hydraulically and structurally designed to safely handle peak runoff rates.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each of the given statements:
- Statement (A): Insufficient hydraulic capacity is indeed a primary cause of structural failure.
If a permanent structure is designed for an inadequate return period (e.g., a 10-year storm instead of a 50-year storm), a major runoff event will overtop the structure, leading to severe erosion, piping, and eventual failure, making this statement true.
- Statement (B): Model studies of open-channel hydraulic structures (where gravity is the dominant force governing flow) are based on the Froude number similarity, not the Reynolds number.
Reynolds number similarity is used for closed-conduit pipe flow dominated by viscous forces, making this statement false.
- Statement (C): According to open-channel flow principles, for a given discharge and specific energy, there exist two possible flow depths: a shallow, high-velocity depth (supercritical flow) and a deep, low-velocity depth (subcritical flow).
These are known as alternate depths, making this statement true.
- Statement (D): The discharge capacity of a chute spillway is determined by the dimensions of its inlet control section (crest), not by sedimentation at the outlet.
Sedimentation at the outlet may affect the energy dissipator (stilling basin) but does not decrease the spillway's capacity, making this statement false.
Therefore, only statements (A) and (C) are correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A), representing (A) and (C) only.
Engineering structures designed for soil erosion control, such as drop spillways, chute spillways, and open channels, must be hydraulically and structurally designed to safely handle peak runoff rates.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each of the given statements:
- Statement (A): Insufficient hydraulic capacity is indeed a primary cause of structural failure.
If a permanent structure is designed for an inadequate return period (e.g., a 10-year storm instead of a 50-year storm), a major runoff event will overtop the structure, leading to severe erosion, piping, and eventual failure, making this statement true.
- Statement (B): Model studies of open-channel hydraulic structures (where gravity is the dominant force governing flow) are based on the Froude number similarity, not the Reynolds number.
Reynolds number similarity is used for closed-conduit pipe flow dominated by viscous forces, making this statement false.
- Statement (C): According to open-channel flow principles, for a given discharge and specific energy, there exist two possible flow depths: a shallow, high-velocity depth (supercritical flow) and a deep, low-velocity depth (subcritical flow).
These are known as alternate depths, making this statement true.
- Statement (D): The discharge capacity of a chute spillway is determined by the dimensions of its inlet control section (crest), not by sedimentation at the outlet.
Sedimentation at the outlet may affect the energy dissipator (stilling basin) but does not decrease the spillway's capacity, making this statement false.
Therefore, only statements (A) and (C) are correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A), representing (A) and (C) only.
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