Question

During Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) in dogs, the myocardial depressant factor is released from--

• A. Perforated stomach
• B. Degenerated liver
• C. Ischemic pancreatic tissue
• D. Large intestine

Hint:

Myocardial Depressant Factor (MDF) is always associated with pancreatic ischemia during shock or severe acute pancreatitis.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening acute condition in dogs characterized by rapid gas accumulation and twisting of the stomach.
This leads to severe cardiovascular shock, local ischemia, and systemic toxemia.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
During GDV, the distended and rotated stomach compresses the caudal vena cava, severely reducing venous return to the heart and causing systemic hypoperfusion.
- This hypoperfusion leads to severe ischemia of abdominal organs, particularly the pancreas.
- Ischemia in the pancreatic tissue (C) activates lysosomal enzymes, causing proteolysis.
- A major byproduct of this ischemic proteolysis is Myocardial Depressant Factor (MDF), a toxic peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 500--1000 Da.
- Once released into circulation, MDF depresses myocardial contractility and worsens the cardiovascular shock state.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The myocardial depressant factor is released from ischemic pancreatic tissue, corresponding to option (C).