Question:
Consider the following statements regarding irrigation channel crossings:
(A) Culverts are commonly used for channel crossings when the road fill is sufficiently high and the channel bed lies on the field surface on either side.
(B) The inverted siphon is more economical when a channel has to cross a wide depression or where road surface lie close to the field surface.
(C) Flumes are used to carry irrigation water across streams, canals, gullies, ravines or other natural depressions.
(D) It is often not necessary to carry irrigation channels across roads, hill side and natural depressions or drainage ways.
(E) When the siphon crosses a ridge, highway or bund it is called a flume.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Consider the following statements regarding irrigation channel crossings:
(A) Culverts are commonly used for channel crossings when the road fill is sufficiently high and the channel bed lies on the field surface on either side.
(B) The inverted siphon is more economical when a channel has to cross a wide depression or where road surface lie close to the field surface.
(C) Flumes are used to carry irrigation water across streams, canals, gullies, ravines or other natural depressions.
(D) It is often not necessary to carry irrigation channels across roads, hill side and natural depressions or drainage ways.
(E) When the siphon crosses a ridge, highway or bund it is called a flume.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Culverts are commonly used for channel crossings when the road fill is sufficiently high and the channel bed lies on the field surface on either side.
(B) The inverted siphon is more economical when a channel has to cross a wide depression or where road surface lie close to the field surface.
(C) Flumes are used to carry irrigation water across streams, canals, gullies, ravines or other natural depressions.
(D) It is often not necessary to carry irrigation channels across roads, hill side and natural depressions or drainage ways.
(E) When the siphon crosses a ridge, highway or bund it is called a flume.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
To remember the difference between aqueducts and siphons:
Aqueducts and flumes maintain atmospheric pressure (free surface flow).
Inverted siphons flow under full hydraulic pressure (pipe flow).
Aqueducts and flumes maintain atmospheric pressure (free surface flow).
Inverted siphons flow under full hydraulic pressure (pipe flow).
Updated On: Jul 24, 2026
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (C), (D) and (E) only.
- (A), (D) and (E) only.
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cross-drainage works are structures constructed at the crossing of an irrigation canal and a natural drain, road, or depression to prevent the two flows from mixing.
Selecting the correct type of crossing structure depends heavily on the relative elevations of the canal bed, the road or drainage bed, and the high flood level.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each of the statements to determine their validity:
Statement (A) is correct.
Culverts are masonry or concrete closed conduits built under a road or railway embankment.
They are highly suited when the road fill is high enough to allow the conduit to pass beneath the road surface while the canal bed remains aligned with the field surface on both sides.
Statement (B) is correct.
An inverted siphon (or sag pipe) carries a canal flow under pressure beneath a road, railway, or depression.
It is highly economical when the vertical clearance between the road surface and the field surface is small, preventing the construction of a regular bridge or culvert.
Statement (C) is correct.
An aqueduct or flume is an open channel supported on piers or trestles to carry irrigation water over streams, gullies, or other depressions while keeping the canal flow at atmospheric pressure.
Statement (D) is incorrect.
It is absolutely necessary to construct safe crossing structures to maintain gravity flow and protect the canal from erosion and contamination.
Statement (E) is incorrect.
A siphon is a closed conduit flowing under pressure, whereas a flume is an open channel flowing under gravity, so their definitions cannot be interchanged.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct statements are (A), (B), and (C) only.
Cross-drainage works are structures constructed at the crossing of an irrigation canal and a natural drain, road, or depression to prevent the two flows from mixing.
Selecting the correct type of crossing structure depends heavily on the relative elevations of the canal bed, the road or drainage bed, and the high flood level.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each of the statements to determine their validity:
Statement (A) is correct.
Culverts are masonry or concrete closed conduits built under a road or railway embankment.
They are highly suited when the road fill is high enough to allow the conduit to pass beneath the road surface while the canal bed remains aligned with the field surface on both sides.
Statement (B) is correct.
An inverted siphon (or sag pipe) carries a canal flow under pressure beneath a road, railway, or depression.
It is highly economical when the vertical clearance between the road surface and the field surface is small, preventing the construction of a regular bridge or culvert.
Statement (C) is correct.
An aqueduct or flume is an open channel supported on piers or trestles to carry irrigation water over streams, gullies, or other depressions while keeping the canal flow at atmospheric pressure.
Statement (D) is incorrect.
It is absolutely necessary to construct safe crossing structures to maintain gravity flow and protect the canal from erosion and contamination.
Statement (E) is incorrect.
A siphon is a closed conduit flowing under pressure, whereas a flume is an open channel flowing under gravity, so their definitions cannot be interchanged.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct statements are (A), (B), and (C) only.
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