Question

Consider the following changes: \[ M(s) \xrightarrow{} M(g) \quad (1)
M(g) \xrightarrow{} M^{2+}(g) + 2e^- \quad (2)
M(g) \xrightarrow{} M^+(g) + e^- \quad (3)
M^+(g) \xrightarrow{} M^{2+}(g) + e^- \quad (4) \] The second ionisation energy of \( M \) could be determined from the energy values associated with

• A. \( 1 + 2 + 4 \)
• B. \( 2 + 3 - 4 \)
• C. \( 1 + 5 - 3 \)
• D. \( 5 - 3 \)

Hint:

Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase. For the second ionisation energy, use the appropriate steps involving electron removal.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The second ionisation energy corresponds to the energy required to remove a second electron from the atom. Using the provided reactions, the second ionisation energy can be determined from the changes represented in reactions (2) and (3), minus the first ionisation energy in reaction (4).